Photographs showing the location and excavation sites from the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty. (A) Location of the study area. (B) General view of excavation site. (C, D) Building sites of the 1st and 2nd extended constructions.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Photographs showing the first building site in 1907 year (A), and the 1st extended building site of 1910 year (B) of the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Sampling locations and zones in the excavation area from the study site.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Representative photographs of the samples from the study site. (A to C) Concretes from 1907, 1910 and 1913 years, respectively. (D to F) Bricks from 1907, 1910 and 1950 years, respectively. (G, H) Earthen pipes from 1907 and 1910 years. (I) Internal texture showing the cross section of earthen pipe in 1950 year.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Diagram showing the chromaticity of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Diagram showing the absorption ratio versus porosity and specific gravity of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Representative microphotographs showing the internal textures of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5. (A) Stereoscopic image of 1907 year concrete. (B, C) Polarizing microscopic images of 1907 and 1910 year concretes. (D) Stereoscopic image of 1907 year brick. (E, F) Polarizing microscopic images of 1907 and 1950 year bricks. (G) Stereoscopic image of 1907 year earthen pipe. (H, I) Polarizing microscopic images of 1907 and 1910 year earthen pipes.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Scanning electron microphotographs and energy dispersive spectra of analyzed materials. (A) Calcite and quartz aggregates of 1907 year concrete, (B, C) Fibrous and needle shape portlandite of 1910 and 1913 years concrete. (D) Altered mica in 1907 year brick. (E, F) Vitrified matrix and metamorphosed mica within earthen pipes of 1907 and 1950 years. Numbers are the same as in those of Table 4.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Representative X-ray powder diffraction patterns of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5. Q; quartz, Po; portlandite, Ca; calcite, P; plagioclase, K; K-feldspar, He; hematite, Mu; mullite.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Representative DTA and TG patterns of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Normalized geochemical variation patterns of major (A), rare earth (B), and compatible and incompatible (C) elements of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Maps showing the 2D modelling of ultrasonic velocity in the study site. (A) F and A zones of construction area in 1907 and 1910 years. (B) N and R zones of construction area in 1913 year.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Maps showing the 2D modelling of rebound hardness in the study site. (A) F and A zones of construction area in 1907 and 1910 years. (B) N and R zones of construction area in 1913 year.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Plotted on diagrams showing the A-CN-K and A-CNKFM of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Plotted on diagrams showing the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ versus Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ and RO₂ versus and RO+R2O of analyzed materials. Sample numbers are the same as in those of Table 1 and Figure 5.

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