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Econ. Environ. Geol. 2024; 57(3): 319-327
Published online June 30, 2024
https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.3.319
© THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency in Artificial Acidic Drainage Using Calcite and Aragonite
Correspondence to : *jjkim@andong.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Calcite and aragonite are polymorphs with the chemical formula CaCO3. In this study, natural limestone and aragonite, as well as scallop and clam shells composed of calcite and aragonite, were used as the pH-raising neutralizing agents for model solutions containing various heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn to simulate acidic drainage. According to the experimental results, pH-raising effect is higher in the shell materials compared to natural ores for both the calcite and aragonite types. Natural calcite and scallop shells are found to be the most suitable media for Cd removal, while over 95% efficiency for Cu and Fe removal was observed in all four media. Zn removal efficiency is higher in aragonite and clam shells, while Mn removal efficiency is relatively low, to be below 50%, for all four media. Overall, the heavy metal removal efficiency, except for Mn, was over 90%, in the order of Fe > Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn.
Keywords heavy metal, calcite, aragonite, scallop, clam
방해석과 아라고나이트를 이용한 인공산성배수의 중금속 제거 효율 평가
송병철1 · 김영훈2 · 김정진1,*
1안동대학교 지구환경과학과
2안동대학교 환경공학과
요 약
탄산염광물인 방해석과 아라고나이트는 화학식 CaCO3인 동질이상광물이다. 본 연구에서 사용된 pH 상승용 중화제는 자연산 석회암과 아라고나이트, 방해석으로 구성된 가리비(scallop)와 아라고나이트로 구성된 바지락(clam) 패각이다. 실험에 사용한 인공산성배수의 중금속은 Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn이다. 실험결과에 의하면, pH상승 효과는 방해석과 아라고나트계열 모두 자연산 광석보다 패각이 더 높다. Cd 제거에 가장 적당한 매질은 자연산 방해석과 가리비(방해석)이며 Cu와 Fe는 4개 시료 모두 95% 이상의 높은 효율을 나타내었다. Zn은 아라고나이트와 바지락(아라고나이트)이 효율이 높으며, Mn은 4개의 매질 모두 50% 이하로 낮다. 중금속 제거 효율은 Mn을 제외하고 90% 이상이며 Fe > Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn 순이다.
주요어 중금속, 방해석, 아라고나이트, 가리비, 바지락
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Research Paper
Econ. Environ. Geol. 2024; 57(3): 319-327
Published online June 30, 2024 https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.3.319
Copyright © THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency in Artificial Acidic Drainage Using Calcite and Aragonite
Byeong Cheol Song1, Young Hun Kim2, Jeong Jin Kim1,*
1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
2Department of Environmental Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
Correspondence to:*jjkim@andong.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Calcite and aragonite are polymorphs with the chemical formula CaCO3. In this study, natural limestone and aragonite, as well as scallop and clam shells composed of calcite and aragonite, were used as the pH-raising neutralizing agents for model solutions containing various heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn to simulate acidic drainage. According to the experimental results, pH-raising effect is higher in the shell materials compared to natural ores for both the calcite and aragonite types. Natural calcite and scallop shells are found to be the most suitable media for Cd removal, while over 95% efficiency for Cu and Fe removal was observed in all four media. Zn removal efficiency is higher in aragonite and clam shells, while Mn removal efficiency is relatively low, to be below 50%, for all four media. Overall, the heavy metal removal efficiency, except for Mn, was over 90%, in the order of Fe > Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn.
Keywords heavy metal, calcite, aragonite, scallop, clam
방해석과 아라고나이트를 이용한 인공산성배수의 중금속 제거 효율 평가
송병철1 · 김영훈2 · 김정진1,*
1안동대학교 지구환경과학과
2안동대학교 환경공학과
요 약
탄산염광물인 방해석과 아라고나이트는 화학식 CaCO3인 동질이상광물이다. 본 연구에서 사용된 pH 상승용 중화제는 자연산 석회암과 아라고나이트, 방해석으로 구성된 가리비(scallop)와 아라고나이트로 구성된 바지락(clam) 패각이다. 실험에 사용한 인공산성배수의 중금속은 Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn이다. 실험결과에 의하면, pH상승 효과는 방해석과 아라고나트계열 모두 자연산 광석보다 패각이 더 높다. Cd 제거에 가장 적당한 매질은 자연산 방해석과 가리비(방해석)이며 Cu와 Fe는 4개 시료 모두 95% 이상의 높은 효율을 나타내었다. Zn은 아라고나이트와 바지락(아라고나이트)이 효율이 높으며, Mn은 4개의 매질 모두 50% 이하로 낮다. 중금속 제거 효율은 Mn을 제외하고 90% 이상이며 Fe > Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn 순이다.
주요어 중금속, 방해석, 아라고나이트, 가리비, 바지락
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Table 1 . Heavy metal concentrations in the artificial acidic drainage of initial and after reaction with calcite and aragonite.
Sample NO. pH Cd Cu Fe Mn Zn after 2 h after 20h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h HCAW 2.72 13.80 1.05 26.04 14.51 202.74 Limestone 6.77 7.10 1.40 0.22 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.04 13.53 10.94 161.94 14.43 Scallop shell 6.76 7.60 1.02 0.17 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.00 12.28 7.23 103.29 5.73 Natural Aragonite 7.29 7.74 1.32 0.95 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 11.92 11.22 13.04 3.01 Clam shell 7.18 7.66 4.77 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.00 13.14 6.64 16.51 3.06 HCAW: High Concentration heavy metal Artificial acidic Water.
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Table 2 . Heavy metal removal efficiency after 2 and 20 hours reaction with calcite and aragonite.
Sample NO. Cd Cu Fe Mn Zn after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h after 2 h after 20 h Limestone 89.9 98.4 95.2 95.2 99.9 99.8 6.8 24.7 20.1 92.9 Scallop shell 92.6 98.8 94.3 95.2 100.0 100.0 15.4 50.2 49.1 97.2 Natural Aragonite 90.4 93.1 95.2 95.2 100.0 100.0 17.9 22.7 93.6 98.5 Clam shell 65.4 99.2 94.3 95.2 100.0 100.0 9.5 54.3 91.9 98.5
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