Special Research Paper on “Research on Aggregate Resources in Korea (II)”

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Econ. Environ. Geol. 2024; 57(2): 177-184

Published online April 30, 2024

https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

© THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

Evaluation of Changes in Particle Size and Production of Sand and Cake Produced in Wet Aggregate Production Process

Young-Wook Cheong1, Jin-Young Lee2,*, Sei-Sun Hong3

1Geo-Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea
2Quaternary Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea

Correspondence to : *jylee@kigam.re.kr

Received: February 21, 2024; Revised: April 8, 2024; Accepted: April 8, 2024

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study was conducted to find a way to reduce the production of cakes generated in the domestic aggregate production process. Cakes from 8 wet aggregate producers were collected and particle size was analyzed. Samples were collected step by step from an aggregate producer A, particle size analysis was performed, and the material balance was calculated before and after an sand recovery unit by modeling the production process. As a result of the particle size analysis of eight cakes, one sample contained 50% sand, and the rest contained about 5% to 25% sand. The results showing that the cake contained a variety of sand in cakes may indicate that the recovery efficiency of the sand recovery units in the field varied. Sieve analysis of the samples showed that the generation of sand particles increased 2.8 times during the third crushing compared to the second crushing, and more cake particles were generated. As a result of simulating the sand recovery unit model, the lower the cut point of the cyclone and dewatering screen, the higher the sand production and the less cake production appeared. In order to reduce the production of cake in the field, it was determined that an optimal operation of the sand recovery unit was necessary in the aggregate production process.

Keywords aggregate, sand, cake, cyclone, dewatering screen

습식 골재 생산 공정에서 모래 및 케이크 발생량 평가

정영욱1 · 이진영2,* · 홍세선2

1한국지질자원연구원 자원환경연구센터
2한국지질자원연구원 제4기환경연구센터

요 약

본 연구는 국내 골재 생산 과정에서 발생하는 케이크의 발생을 줄이는 방안을 찾고자 수행되었다. 8개 습식 골재 생산 업체의 케이크를 수집하여 입도를 분석하였다. A 골재 생산 현장에서 시료를 채취하고 입도 분석을 수행했다. 생산 공정을 모델링하여 모래 회수 장치 전후에서 물질 수지를 계산했다. 8개의 케이크 입도 분석 결과 하나의 시료에서 모래가 50% 포함된 사례도 있었고 나머지는 약 5~25% 포함하고 있었다. 케이크 내 다양한 모래가 포함하고 있다는 결과는 현장의 모래 회수 장치의 회수 효율이 다양함을 의미할 수 있다. A 업체 파쇄 공정에서 모래 입도는 2차 파쇄 때보다 3차 파쇄 때에 2.8배 증가했고 케이크 입자도 더 많이 발생했다. 모래 회수 공정을 모사한 결과 사이클론 및 탈수체의 분극점이 낮아질수록 모래 생산은 증가했고 케이크 발생은 적어지는 추세가 나타났다. 현장에서 케이크의 발생을 줄이기 위해서 골재생산 공정에서 특히 모래 회수 장치의 적정 운전이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

주요어 골재, 모래, 케이크, 사이클론, 탈수체

Article

Special Research Paper on “Research on Aggregate Resources in Korea (II)”

Econ. Environ. Geol. 2024; 57(2): 177-184

Published online April 30, 2024 https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

Copyright © THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY.

Evaluation of Changes in Particle Size and Production of Sand and Cake Produced in Wet Aggregate Production Process

Young-Wook Cheong1, Jin-Young Lee2,*, Sei-Sun Hong3

1Geo-Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea
2Quaternary Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea

Correspondence to:*jylee@kigam.re.kr

Received: February 21, 2024; Revised: April 8, 2024; Accepted: April 8, 2024

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study was conducted to find a way to reduce the production of cakes generated in the domestic aggregate production process. Cakes from 8 wet aggregate producers were collected and particle size was analyzed. Samples were collected step by step from an aggregate producer A, particle size analysis was performed, and the material balance was calculated before and after an sand recovery unit by modeling the production process. As a result of the particle size analysis of eight cakes, one sample contained 50% sand, and the rest contained about 5% to 25% sand. The results showing that the cake contained a variety of sand in cakes may indicate that the recovery efficiency of the sand recovery units in the field varied. Sieve analysis of the samples showed that the generation of sand particles increased 2.8 times during the third crushing compared to the second crushing, and more cake particles were generated. As a result of simulating the sand recovery unit model, the lower the cut point of the cyclone and dewatering screen, the higher the sand production and the less cake production appeared. In order to reduce the production of cake in the field, it was determined that an optimal operation of the sand recovery unit was necessary in the aggregate production process.

Keywords aggregate, sand, cake, cyclone, dewatering screen

습식 골재 생산 공정에서 모래 및 케이크 발생량 평가

정영욱1 · 이진영2,* · 홍세선2

1한국지질자원연구원 자원환경연구센터
2한국지질자원연구원 제4기환경연구센터

Received: February 21, 2024; Revised: April 8, 2024; Accepted: April 8, 2024

요 약

본 연구는 국내 골재 생산 과정에서 발생하는 케이크의 발생을 줄이는 방안을 찾고자 수행되었다. 8개 습식 골재 생산 업체의 케이크를 수집하여 입도를 분석하였다. A 골재 생산 현장에서 시료를 채취하고 입도 분석을 수행했다. 생산 공정을 모델링하여 모래 회수 장치 전후에서 물질 수지를 계산했다. 8개의 케이크 입도 분석 결과 하나의 시료에서 모래가 50% 포함된 사례도 있었고 나머지는 약 5~25% 포함하고 있었다. 케이크 내 다양한 모래가 포함하고 있다는 결과는 현장의 모래 회수 장치의 회수 효율이 다양함을 의미할 수 있다. A 업체 파쇄 공정에서 모래 입도는 2차 파쇄 때보다 3차 파쇄 때에 2.8배 증가했고 케이크 입자도 더 많이 발생했다. 모래 회수 공정을 모사한 결과 사이클론 및 탈수체의 분극점이 낮아질수록 모래 생산은 증가했고 케이크 발생은 적어지는 추세가 나타났다. 현장에서 케이크의 발생을 줄이기 위해서 골재생산 공정에서 특히 모래 회수 장치의 적정 운전이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

주요어 골재, 모래, 케이크, 사이클론, 탈수체

    Fig 1.

    Figure 1.Flow diagram of production of aggregates and sampling points (Circled numbers). The photo shows the samples.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 2.

    Figure 2.A aggregate production process model. The dotted rectangular area is the sand recovery unit.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 3.

    Figure 3.Cumulative particle size distribution of cakes.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 4.

    Figure 4.Comparison of particle size distribution of samples by crushing stage and double deck screen.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 5.

    Figure 5.Comparison of weight (A) and cumulative distribution curves (B) according to sieve analysis around sand recovery unit.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 6.

    Figure 6.Comparison of particle size analysis with simulation.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 7.

    Figure 7.Comparison of sand and sludge production amount according to cut point of cyclone. It was modified form Cheong et al.(2023).
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Fig 8.

    Figure 8.Simulation of sand and cake production according to cut point of dewatering screen.
    Economic and Environmental Geology 2024; 57: 177-184https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2024.57.2.177

    Table 1 . Crusher types and general characteristics (Mining machinary Co, 2016; Metso, 2024).

    Crusher typeProcess stageFeed size up to (mm)Typical max.end product size (mm)Reduction ratioAmount of fines produced
    Jaw crusherPrimary1400200-3003-4low
    Con crusherSecondary/Tertiary300~4500~803-5low/medium
    Impact crusherTertiary400-301-2high

    KSEEG
    Oct 29, 2024 Vol.57 No.5, pp. 473~664

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