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Econ. Environ. Geol. 2023; 56(6): 887-897
Published online December 29, 2023
https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2023.56.6.887
© THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY
Review of International Cases for Managing Input Data in Safety Assessment for High-Level Radioactive Waste Deep Disposal Facilities
Correspondence to : *oathway@korad.or.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Leading waste disposal countries, such as Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, conduct safety assessments across all stages of High-Level Radioactive Waste Deep Geological Disposal Facilities-from planning and site selection to construction, operation, closure, and post-closure management. As safety assessments are repeatedly performed at each stage, generating vast amounts of diverse data over extended periods, it is essential to construct a database for safety assessment and establish a data management system. In this study, the safety assessment data management systems of leading countries, were analyzed, categorizing them into 1) input and reference data for safety assessments, 2) guidelines for data management, 3) organizational structures for data management, and 4) computer systems for data management. While each country exhibited differences in specific aspects, commonalities included the classification of safety assessment input data based on disposal system components, the establishment of organizations to supply, use, and manage this data, and the implementation of quality management systems guided by instructions and manuals. These cases highlight the importance of data management systems and document management systems for securing the safety and enhancing the reliability of High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities. To achieve this, the classification of input data that can be flexibly and effectively utilized, ensuring the consistency and traceability of input data, and establishing a quality management system for input data and document management are necessary.
Keywords safety assessment, high-level radioactive waste, deep geological disposal, data management system, safety assessment input data
고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시설 안전성평가 입력자료 관리를 위한 해외사례 분석
강미경1 · 박하나1 · 박선주1 · 정해식1 · 윤운상1 · 이정환2,*
1(주)어스이엔지
2한국원자력환경공단 방폐물기술연구원
요 약
스웨덴, 스위스, 영국 등 폐기물 처분 선도국들은 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시설의 계획, 부지선정, 건설, 운영, 폐쇄, 그리고 폐쇄 후 관리 전 단계에서 안전성평가를 수행하고 있다. 안전성평가는 각 단계에서 반복적으로 이루어지며, 장기간에 걸쳐 다양하고 방대한 양의 데이터를 생성하므로, 안전성평가 자료를 위한 데이터베이스를 구축하고 효과적으로 관리하기 위한 자료관리체계를 구축하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 폐기물 처분 분야에서 선도적인 국가의 안전성평가 자료관리체계를 1) 안전성평가 입력 및 참조자료, 2) 자료관리 지침, 3) 자료관리 조직, 그리고 4) 자료관리 전산시스템으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 각 국가는 특정 부분에서는 차이를 보였지만, 안전성평가 입력자료를 처분 시스템 구성 요소를 기반으로 분류하고, 이를 제공, 사용, 관리하는 조직을 설립하며, 지침 및 매뉴얼에 따라 품질관리 체계를 구현하는 등 공통적인 특성을 보이고 있다. 이러한 사례들은 고준위방사성폐기물 처분시설의 안전성을 확보하고 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해 효과적으로 데이터 관리 시스템과 문서 관리 시스템을 구축하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. 이를 위해서는 유연하게 활용 가능한 입력자료의 분류, 입력자료의 일관성과 추적성 보장, 그리고 입력자료와 문서관리를 위한 품질관리 체계를 수립하는 것이 필요하다.
주요어 고준위방사성폐기물, 심층처분시설, 안전성평가, 자료관리체계, 안전성평가 입력자료
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Review
Econ. Environ. Geol. 2023; 56(6): 887-897
Published online December 29, 2023 https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2023.56.6.887
Copyright © THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY.
Review of International Cases for Managing Input Data in Safety Assessment for High-Level Radioactive Waste Deep Disposal Facilities
Mi Kyung Kang1, Hana Park1, Sunju Park1, Hae Sik Jeong1, Woon Sang Yoon1, Jeonghwan Lee2,*
1Earth EnG, Seoul, Korea
2Korea Radioactive Waste Agency
Correspondence to:*oathway@korad.or.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Leading waste disposal countries, such as Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, conduct safety assessments across all stages of High-Level Radioactive Waste Deep Geological Disposal Facilities-from planning and site selection to construction, operation, closure, and post-closure management. As safety assessments are repeatedly performed at each stage, generating vast amounts of diverse data over extended periods, it is essential to construct a database for safety assessment and establish a data management system. In this study, the safety assessment data management systems of leading countries, were analyzed, categorizing them into 1) input and reference data for safety assessments, 2) guidelines for data management, 3) organizational structures for data management, and 4) computer systems for data management. While each country exhibited differences in specific aspects, commonalities included the classification of safety assessment input data based on disposal system components, the establishment of organizations to supply, use, and manage this data, and the implementation of quality management systems guided by instructions and manuals. These cases highlight the importance of data management systems and document management systems for securing the safety and enhancing the reliability of High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities. To achieve this, the classification of input data that can be flexibly and effectively utilized, ensuring the consistency and traceability of input data, and establishing a quality management system for input data and document management are necessary.
Keywords safety assessment, high-level radioactive waste, deep geological disposal, data management system, safety assessment input data
고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시설 안전성평가 입력자료 관리를 위한 해외사례 분석
강미경1 · 박하나1 · 박선주1 · 정해식1 · 윤운상1 · 이정환2,*
1(주)어스이엔지
2한국원자력환경공단 방폐물기술연구원
요 약
스웨덴, 스위스, 영국 등 폐기물 처분 선도국들은 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시설의 계획, 부지선정, 건설, 운영, 폐쇄, 그리고 폐쇄 후 관리 전 단계에서 안전성평가를 수행하고 있다. 안전성평가는 각 단계에서 반복적으로 이루어지며, 장기간에 걸쳐 다양하고 방대한 양의 데이터를 생성하므로, 안전성평가 자료를 위한 데이터베이스를 구축하고 효과적으로 관리하기 위한 자료관리체계를 구축하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 폐기물 처분 분야에서 선도적인 국가의 안전성평가 자료관리체계를 1) 안전성평가 입력 및 참조자료, 2) 자료관리 지침, 3) 자료관리 조직, 그리고 4) 자료관리 전산시스템으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 각 국가는 특정 부분에서는 차이를 보였지만, 안전성평가 입력자료를 처분 시스템 구성 요소를 기반으로 분류하고, 이를 제공, 사용, 관리하는 조직을 설립하며, 지침 및 매뉴얼에 따라 품질관리 체계를 구현하는 등 공통적인 특성을 보이고 있다. 이러한 사례들은 고준위방사성폐기물 처분시설의 안전성을 확보하고 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해 효과적으로 데이터 관리 시스템과 문서 관리 시스템을 구축하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. 이를 위해서는 유연하게 활용 가능한 입력자료의 분류, 입력자료의 일관성과 추적성 보장, 그리고 입력자료와 문서관리를 위한 품질관리 체계를 수립하는 것이 필요하다.
주요어 고준위방사성폐기물, 심층처분시설, 안전성평가, 자료관리체계, 안전성평가 입력자료
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The classification of the input data used in safety assessment(Sweden) (SKB, 2014c).
Classification Input Data Code Waste Gas formation rates and total gas volumes formed in each waste vault, IRF, CRF, Total radionuclide inventory, Corrosion of reactor pressure, vessels., etc Ecolego Near Field excluding waste Bitumen swelling assessment, Evolution of repository pH, Evolution of repository redox, Near-field hydrology, RN transport in water phase, Seismic load., etc Comsol Multiphysics, PHREEQC, PHAST, Ecolego, ADINA Geosphere Hydrogeology, RN transport in water phase, Rock fallout and EDZ, Sorption partitioning coefficients, Effective diffusivity, Rock matrix porosity, Groundwater velocities, Permeability., etc Darcy Tools, Ecolego, 3DEC Climate Minimum air temperature in next 60,000 years, Potential for permafrost, Shore-level evolution., etc CCSM4, LOVECLIM, Numerical GIA model Biosphere RN transport and dose, Surface hydrology, Biosphere object identification., etc Ecolego, MIKE SHE
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The classification of the input data used in safety assessment(Swiss) (Nagra, 2002b).
Classification Input Data Code Near-field Nuclides and Decays, Total Inventory, Inventory Fractions, Canister Properties, Release Properties, Waste Package Properties(Containment time, Canister length, Number of canister), Buffer Properties(Inner, Outer radius, Split radius, Porosity, Grain density, Sorption, Solubility limits, Pore diffusion coefficients)., etc STMAN Geosphere Nuclides and Decays, Leg Data-Basic Data(Length, Darcy velocity, Hydraulic conductivity, Peclet number, effective diffusivities coefficients, Pore diffusion constant), Leg Data-Properties of Flowing Region(Retardation, Dry density, Flow porosity, Source flux)., etc PICNIC Biosphere DEEPSOIL(Porosity, Thickness, Dry density), HUMAN(Fraction of energy intake from grain, Breathing rate)., etc TAME
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gDSSC document tier structure (NWS, 2016a).
Tier Description Overview Organization, purpose and overview of the entire document comprising the gDSSC Safety Case Safety case reports covering radioactive waste transport(TSC), facility operation(OSC), and long-term safety after closure(ESC) at deep disposal facilities Assessment Evaluation reports as basis for the three safety cases System information Basic information document used for evaluation Supporting Documents Specifications, guide documents, strategy documents, science and technology plan documents, etc.
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The classification of the input data used in safety assessment(UK) (NWS, 2016b).
Classification Input Data Physical constants Nuclide, Half-life Inventory Active inventory, Number of waste containers, Cellulosic materials inventory, etc. Wasteform Instant release fraction, Dissolution rates, Cellulose degradation properties, etc. Waste package properties Container failure times, Container dimension, Gas release rate, etc. Engineered barrier system Physical properties, Radionuclide behaviour GDF and transport system design Number of disposal vaults and tunnels, vault dimensions, GDF system maintenance data, etc. Vault backfill volumes Vault backfill volumes Geosphere-illustrative environment H1 Physical properties, Radionuclide behaviour, Radon gas emanation Geosphere-illustrative environment L1 Physical properties, Radionuclide behaviour, Radon gas emanation Biosphere and onsite/offsite receptors Groundwater dose conversion factor, Worker inhalation dose coefficients, etc
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NWS Guideline document system.
Document classification Abbreviation Full name RWM M Manual RWP P aims and Principles RWPR PR PRocedure RWPR-F PR-F PRocedure-Form RWPR-WI PR-WI Procedure-Work Instruction
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Data management guidance document mentioned within the safety assessment data report.
Document No. Document name Disclosure RWP102 Data Management Aims and Principles Private RWPR104 Data Management Procedure open RWP31 Computer Modelling Aims and Principles Private RWPR31 Computer Modelling, Software Development and Calculation Checking open RWPR110 RWMD Competency Management System Private
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