Econ. Environ. Geol. 2023; 56(6): 871-885
Published online December 29, 2023
https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2023.56.6.871
© THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY
Correspondence to : *jylee@kigam.re.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.
In 2022, the total of 129 million m3 of aggregate was produced in Korea, a slightly decrease from the total production of 2021. Of these, about 44 million m3 of sand and about 84 million m3 of gravel were produced. About 41% of total quantity of aggregates were produced by permission and the rest were produced after declaration. It estimated that of the 129 million m3 of aggregates in Korea in 2022, about 54.9% was produced by screening crushed aggregate, by 32.8% by forest aggregate, 2.2% by land aggregate, 6.2% by marine aggregate and 3.1% by washing aggregate, and 0.3% by river aggregate. This indicates that screening crushed and forest aggregate are the main producers of domestic aggregate in 2022. Leading producing metropolitan governments were Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Incheon, Jeollanam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do in order decreasing volume. In 2022, aggregates were produced in 147 local governments, and the 10 leading producing local governments were, in descending order of volume, Hwaseong, Pocheon, Paju, Ongjin, Youngin, Gwangju, west EEZ, Incheon Seo-gu, Namyangju, Asan. The combined production of the 10 leading local governments accounted for 31% of the national total. And 44 local governments have produced aggregates of more than 1 million m3 each other. In 148 local governments that produced aggregate, a total of 800 active operations produced aggregate with 350 operations by river, land and forest aggregate, 450 operations by selective crushed and washing aggregate.
Keywords aggregate, sand, gravel, aggregate source, permitted period
홍세선 · 이진영*
한국지질자원연구원 제4기환경연구센터
2022년에는 약 1억 2,874만 ㎥의 골재가 채취되었다. 이 중 모래는 약 4,427만 ㎥, 자갈은 약 8,447만 ㎥이다. 허가채취는 약 5,334만 ㎥, 신고채취는 약 7,540만 ㎥ 이다. 골재원별로는 선별파쇄에서 가장 많은 7,067만 ㎥가 채취되었으며, 그 다음으로 산림골재 4,214만 ㎥, 바다골재 797만 ㎥, 선별세척 403만 ㎥, 육상골재 286만 ㎥, 기타골재 70만 ㎥, 하천골재 37만 ㎥ 순으로 선별파쇄와 산림골재의 채취량이 전국 채취량의 약 87.6%에 달한다. 시도별로는 경기도가 가장 골재를 많이 채취하였으며, 그 다음으로 경상남도, 충청남도, 인천광역시, 전라남도의 순이다. 2022년에는 231개 시군구의 약 64%인 147개 시군구에서 골재를 채취하였다. 100만 ㎥ 이상의 골재를 채취한 시군구는 44개이며, 이들 시군구에서는 전국 채취량의 72%인 약 9,269만 ㎥를 채취하였다. 2022년도에는 약 960개소 정도의 채취장이 운영되었으나 실제 골재를 채취한 채취장은 약 800개소이다. 이중 허가채취장은 350개소, 신고채취장은 450개소이다. 선별파쇄가 약 407개소로 가장 많으며, 산림골재는 187개소, 육상골재는 123개소 내외이다. 100만㎥ 이상의 골재를 채취한 채취장은 14개소이며, 1만㎥ 미만의 소규모 채취장도 약 105개소이다. 약 350여개의 허가채취장에서 허가기간은 최장 34.8년에서 최소 0.1년이며, 허가기간이 10년 이상인 채취장은 103개소이다. 2022년 이후에도 채취 가능한 채취장은 258개이지만 5년 내로 320여개 이상의 채취장이 개발종료되어 28개의 채취장만이 5년 이상 채취가 가능하다.
주요어 모래, 자갈, 산림골재, 선별파쇄골재, 육상골재, 하천골재
Econ. Environ. Geol. 2023; 56(6): 871-885
Published online December 29, 2023 https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2023.56.6.871
Copyright © THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY.
Sei Sun Hong, Jin Young Lee*
Quaternary Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea
Correspondence to:*jylee@kigam.re.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited.
In 2022, the total of 129 million m3 of aggregate was produced in Korea, a slightly decrease from the total production of 2021. Of these, about 44 million m3 of sand and about 84 million m3 of gravel were produced. About 41% of total quantity of aggregates were produced by permission and the rest were produced after declaration. It estimated that of the 129 million m3 of aggregates in Korea in 2022, about 54.9% was produced by screening crushed aggregate, by 32.8% by forest aggregate, 2.2% by land aggregate, 6.2% by marine aggregate and 3.1% by washing aggregate, and 0.3% by river aggregate. This indicates that screening crushed and forest aggregate are the main producers of domestic aggregate in 2022. Leading producing metropolitan governments were Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Incheon, Jeollanam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do in order decreasing volume. In 2022, aggregates were produced in 147 local governments, and the 10 leading producing local governments were, in descending order of volume, Hwaseong, Pocheon, Paju, Ongjin, Youngin, Gwangju, west EEZ, Incheon Seo-gu, Namyangju, Asan. The combined production of the 10 leading local governments accounted for 31% of the national total. And 44 local governments have produced aggregates of more than 1 million m3 each other. In 148 local governments that produced aggregate, a total of 800 active operations produced aggregate with 350 operations by river, land and forest aggregate, 450 operations by selective crushed and washing aggregate.
Keywords aggregate, sand, gravel, aggregate source, permitted period
홍세선 · 이진영*
한국지질자원연구원 제4기환경연구센터
2022년에는 약 1억 2,874만 ㎥의 골재가 채취되었다. 이 중 모래는 약 4,427만 ㎥, 자갈은 약 8,447만 ㎥이다. 허가채취는 약 5,334만 ㎥, 신고채취는 약 7,540만 ㎥ 이다. 골재원별로는 선별파쇄에서 가장 많은 7,067만 ㎥가 채취되었으며, 그 다음으로 산림골재 4,214만 ㎥, 바다골재 797만 ㎥, 선별세척 403만 ㎥, 육상골재 286만 ㎥, 기타골재 70만 ㎥, 하천골재 37만 ㎥ 순으로 선별파쇄와 산림골재의 채취량이 전국 채취량의 약 87.6%에 달한다. 시도별로는 경기도가 가장 골재를 많이 채취하였으며, 그 다음으로 경상남도, 충청남도, 인천광역시, 전라남도의 순이다. 2022년에는 231개 시군구의 약 64%인 147개 시군구에서 골재를 채취하였다. 100만 ㎥ 이상의 골재를 채취한 시군구는 44개이며, 이들 시군구에서는 전국 채취량의 72%인 약 9,269만 ㎥를 채취하였다. 2022년도에는 약 960개소 정도의 채취장이 운영되었으나 실제 골재를 채취한 채취장은 약 800개소이다. 이중 허가채취장은 350개소, 신고채취장은 450개소이다. 선별파쇄가 약 407개소로 가장 많으며, 산림골재는 187개소, 육상골재는 123개소 내외이다. 100만㎥ 이상의 골재를 채취한 채취장은 14개소이며, 1만㎥ 미만의 소규모 채취장도 약 105개소이다. 약 350여개의 허가채취장에서 허가기간은 최장 34.8년에서 최소 0.1년이며, 허가기간이 10년 이상인 채취장은 103개소이다. 2022년 이후에도 채취 가능한 채취장은 258개이지만 5년 내로 320여개 이상의 채취장이 개발종료되어 28개의 채취장만이 5년 이상 채취가 가능하다.
주요어 모래, 자갈, 산림골재, 선별파쇄골재, 육상골재, 하천골재
The aggregate statistics, by sources, by permission and declaration, and sand and gravel(unit : thousand m3).
Permission | Declaration | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sand | Gravel | Sum | Sand | Gravel | Sum | ||
River | 138 | 234 | 372 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 372 |
Land | 2,754 | 107 | 2,861 | 32 | 5 | 37 | 2,898 |
Forest | 6,164 | 35,977 | 42,141 | 329 | 334 | 663 | 42,804 |
Marine | 7,968 | 0 | 7,968 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7,968 |
Crushed | - | - | - | 22,856 | 47,809 | 70,665 | 70,665 |
Washing | - | - | - | 4,031 | 0 | 4,031 | 4,031 |
Total | 17,024 | 36,318 | 53,342 | 27,248 | 48,148 | 75,396 | 128,738 |
The aggregate production in Korea in 2022, by provinces and aggregate sources (unit : thousand m3).
Permission | Declaration | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
River | Land | Forest | Marine | River | Land | Forest | Marine | Crushed | Washing | ||||||||||||
Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | Sand | Gravel | ||
Seoul | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Incheon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 636 | 4,109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 335 | 4,264 | 641 | 0 | 9,985 |
Gyeonggi-do | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,282 | 4,191 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13,411 | 23,092 | 318 | 0 | 42,294 |
Gangwon-do | 4 | 72 | 827 | 27 | 1,935 | 3,018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 653 | 2,198 | 0 | 0 | 8,763 |
Chungcheongbuk-do | 0 | 0 | 399 | 3 | 0 | 4,643 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,311 | 1,698 | 0 | 0 | 9,054 |
Daejeon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sejong | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 834 | 729 | 0 | 0 | 1,588 |
Chungcheongnam-do | 0 | 0 | 102 | 0 | 198 | 5,013 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,907 | 3,937 | 278 | 0 | 11,872 |
Jeollabuk-do | 0 | 0 | 329 | 0 | 248 | 4,017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 394 | 821 | 0 | 0 | 5,809 |
Gwangju | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Jeollanam-do | 0 | 0 | 496 | 0 | 148 | 5,524 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 284 | 2,203 | 277 | 0 | 9,091 |
Daegu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226 | 161 | 0 | 0 | 387 |
Gyeongsangbuk-do | 134 | 162 | 561 | 59 | 485 | 2,675 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 1,281 | 1,492 | 0 | 0 | 6,955 |
Busan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 950 | 1,597 | 848 | 0 | 3,395 |
Ulsan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,695 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 775 | 474 | 0 | 2,944 |
Gyeongsangnam-do | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 1,868 | 4,088 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 329 | 228 | 0 | 0 | 270 | 4,323 | 781 | 0 | 11,902 |
Jeju-do | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 477 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 519 | 414 | 0 | 1,428 |
EEZ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,271 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,271 |
Total | 138 | 234 | 2,754 | 107 | 6,164 | 35,977 | 7,968 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 5 | 329 | 334 | 0 | 0 | 22,856 | 47,809 | 4,031 | 0 | 128,738 |
Rank of local governments produced aggregate in Korea, 2022, by aggregate source.
River | Land | Forest | Marine | Crushed | Washing | Sand | Gravel | Production of Aggregate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gumi | Goseong (Gangwon) | Paju | Ongjin (Incheon) | Hwaseong | Changwon | Ongjin | Hwaseong | Hwaseong | ||
2 | Pyeongchang | Hampyeong | Wonju | West | EEZ | Pocheon | Saha (Busan) | West | EEZ | Paju | Pocheon |
3 | Chungju | Yeoncheon | Taean | Yongin | Jung-gu (Incheon) | Pocheon | Seo-gu (Incheon) | Paju | |||
4 | Cheongju | Ulju (Ulsan) | Haenam | Gwangju | Pyeongtaek | Gwangju | Pocheon | Ongjin (Incheon) | |||
5 | Gochang | Gunsan | South | EEZ | Namyangju | Nam-gu (Ulsan) | Yongin | Yongin | Yongin | ||
6 | Gyeongju | Gongju | Seo-gu (Incheon) | Jeju | Hoengseong | Gongju | Gwangju | ||||
7 | Gangneung | Gimhae | Asan | Seosan | Yangju | Gwangju | West | EEZ | |||
8 | Sangju | Chungju | Anseong | Nam-gu (Busan) | Namyangju | Asan | Seo-gu (Incheon) | ||||
9 | Jangsu | Jincheon | Paju | Seo-gu (Incheon) | Hwaseong | Wonju | Namyangju | ||||
10 | Yechoen | Hoengseong | Goyang | Ulju (Ulsan) | Paju | Ulju (Ulsan) | Asan | ||||
11 | Wonju | Haman | Yangju | Haenam | Icheon | Anseong | Gimhae | ||||
12 | Boseong | Chuncheon | Sejong | Seogwipo | Cheongju | Namyangju | Cheongju | ||||
13 | Yeonggwang | Jangseong | Uiejeongbu | Goheung | Sejong | Chungju | Anseong | ||||
14 | Yeongju | Cheongju | Eumseong | Sacheon | Gimhae | Gunsan | Gongju | ||||
15 | Cheonan | Pocheon | Cheongju | Geju | Gihang (Busan) | Gimhae | Wonju |
Aggregate production in Korea in 2022, by size of operation and quantity.
Size range (thousand m3) | Total | River | Land | Forest | Marine | Crushed | Washing | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantity | Local govern. | Quantity | Local govern. | Quantity | Local govern. | Quantity | Local govern. | Quantity | Local govern. | Quantity | Local govern. | Quantity | Local govern. | |
<10 | 44 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
≥10~<50 | 202 | 7 | 26 | 1 | 317 | 14 | 71 | 2 | 34 | 1 | 203 | 7 | 44 | 1 |
≥50~<100 | 551 | 7 | 76 | 1 | 591 | 8 | 527 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 664 | 10 | 156 | 2 |
≥100~<200 | 2,851 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1,026 | 7 | 1,610 | 10 | 151 | 1 | 2,780 | 20 | 572 | 4 |
≥200~<300 | 3,541 | 14 | 270 | 1 | 238 | 1 | 2,089 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2,652 | 11 | 1,103 | 4 |
≥300~<400 | 2,783 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,323 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1,758 | 5 | 100 | 3 |
≥400~<500 | 4,467 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,717 | 4 | 437 | 1 | 5,305 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
≥500~<600 | 5,531 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 595 | 1 | 2,745 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4,346 | 8 | 531 | 1 |
≥600~<700 | 4,503 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,950 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2,544 | 4 | 625 | 1 |
≥700~<800 | 6,188 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 793 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2,310 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
≥800~<900 | 2,575 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 830 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,677 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
≥900~<1,000 | 2,817 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4,769 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 913 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
≥1,000~<1,500 | 22,586 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7,164 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 9,584 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
≥1,500~<2,000 | 12,473 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11,935 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 5,189 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
≥2,000~<2,500 | 17,898 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6,866 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
≥2,500~<5,000 | 28,410 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,607 | 1 | 7,346 | 2 | 17,625 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
≥5,000 | 11,318 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6,223 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 128,738 | 147 | 372 | 3 | 2,796 | 36 | 42,141 | 69 | 7,968 | 5 | 70,666 | 107 | 3,131 | 16 |
Active operation by permission, declaration, and by aggregate source, and by aggregate type.
Permission | Declaration | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sand | Sand and gravel | Gravel | Sum | Sand | Sand and gravel | Gravel | Sum | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marine | Forest | Land | River | Subsum | Forest | Land | River | Subsum | Forest | Land | River | Subsum | Washing | Crushed | Land | Subsum | Forest | Crushed | Land | Subsum | Forest | Crushed | Subsum | ||||
EEZ | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gangwon | 6 | 27 | 33 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 52 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 19 | 19 | 33 | 85 | ||||||
Gyeonggi | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 23 | 24 | 56 | 56 | 44 | 44 | 124 | 131 | |||||||||||||
Gyeongnam | 1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 23 | 23 | 35 | 11 | 3 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 36 | 36 | 53 | 88 | |||||||||
Gyeongbuk | 31 | 2 | 33 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 70 | 23 | 23 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 16 | 45 | 115 | ||||||||
Daegu | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Busan | 4 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sejong | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
Ulsan | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
Incheon | 13 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 19 | 33 | |||||||||||||
Jeonnam | 1 | 4 | 19 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 48 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 25 | 73 | ||||||||||
Jeonbuk | 2 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 20 | 35 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 17 | 52 | |||||||||||
Jeju | 7 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 24 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||
Chungnam | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 17 | 27 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 17 | 17 | 35 | 62 | |||||||||
Chungbuk | 12 | 12 | 16 | 1 | 17 | 29 | 23 | 23 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 38 | 67 | |||||||||||||
Sum | 33 | 14 | 106 | 2 | 155 | 29 | 13 | 4 | 46 | 144 | 3 | 2 | 149 | 350 | 38 | 106 | 2 | 146 | 1 | 89 | 1 | 91 | 1 | 212 | 213 | 450 | 800 |
Aggregate production in Korea in 2022, by active operation and quantity.
Size range (thousand m3) | Total | River | Land | Forest | Marine | Crushed | Washing | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantity | Operation | Quantity | Operation | Quantity | Operation | Quantity | Operation | Quantity | Operation | Quantity | Operation | Quantity | Operation | |||||||
<10 | 504 | 96 | 16 | 4 | 36 | 188 | 75 | 14 | 34 | 6 | 176 | 34 | 7 | 1 | ||||||
≥10~<50 | 4,969 | 201 | 86 | 3 | 68 | 1,416 | 831 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2,048 | 79 | 560 | 20 | ||||||
≥50~<100 | 10,569 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1,150 | 2,814 | 37 | 237 | 3 | 6,114 | 85 | 254 | 4 | ||||||
≥100~<200 | 23,562 | 159 | 270 | 1 | 1 | 107 | 7,332 | 50 | 1,290 | 8 | 15,001 | 99 | 526 | 4 | ||||||
≥200~<300 | 17,943 | 72 | 3,860 | 17 | 1,315 | 5 | 10,558 | 43 | 1,617 | 6 | ||||||||||
≥300~<400 | 14,132 | 41 | 4,541 | 13 | 1,597 | 5 | 7,366 | 21 | 628 | 2 | ||||||||||
≥400~<500 | 12,753 | 29 | 2,552 | 6 | 882 | 2 | 8,881 | 20 | 438 | 1 | ||||||||||
≥500~<600 | 8,161 | 15 | 3,257 | 6 | 571 | 1 | 3,776 | 7 | ||||||||||||
≥600~<700 | 10,455 | 16 | 3,294 | 5 | 1,260 | 2 | 5,901 | 9 | ||||||||||||
≥700~<800 | 5,882 | 8 | 2,874 | 4 | 782 | 1 | 2,226 | 3 | ||||||||||||
≥800~<900 | 1,699 | 2 | 1,699 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
≥900~<1,000 | 935 | 1 | 935 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
≥1,000~<1,500 | 13,966 | 12 | 6,897 | 6 | 7,069 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
≥1,500~<2,000 | 3,208 | 2 | 1,657 | 1 | 1,551 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
≥2,000~<2,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||
≥2,500~<5,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
≥5,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
total | 128,738 | 800 | 372 | 8 | 122 | 2,861 | 42,618 | 191 | 7,968 | 33 | 70,667 | 407 | 4,030 | 38 |
The permitted period of operations and its remaining period after 2022, by aggregate sources.
Land | Forest | Marine | River | total operation | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Permitted period (year) | No. of operation | Permitted period | No. of operation | Permitted period | No. of operation | Permitted period | No. of operation | Permitted period | No. of operation | ||||
>8 | 1 | over 30 | 3 | over 9 | 6 | over 10 | 1 | over 30 | 3 | ||||
5~6 | 6 | 20~30 | 13 | 3~4 | 14 | 9~10 | 1 | 20~30 | 13 | ||||
4~5 | 6 | 15~20 | 35 | 2~3 | 10 | 6~7 | 1 | 15~20 | 35 | ||||
3~4 | 3 | 10~15 | 51 | 1~2 | 4~5 | 0 | 10~15 | 52 | |||||
2~3 | 20 | 5~10 | 53 | 0~1 | 3 | 3~4 | 0 | 5~10 | 68 | ||||
1~2 | 60 | 1~5 | 27 | 2~3 | 0 | 4~5 | 12 | ||||||
0~1 | 24 | 0~1 | 1~2 | 0 | 3~4 | 32 | |||||||
0~1 | 5 | 2~3 | 35 | ||||||||||
1~2 | 61 | ||||||||||||
0~1 | 32 |
Remaining period (year) after 2022 | No. of operation | Remaining period after 2022 | No. of operation | Remaining period after 2022 | No. of operation | Remaining period after 2022 | No. of operation | Remaining period after 2022 | No. of operation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>2 | 2 | 10~15 | 1 | 2~3 | 1 | >2 | 1 | 10~15 | 1 | ||||
1~2 | 22 | 5~10 | 32 | 1~2 | 1~2 | 1 | 5~10 | 32 | |||||
0~1 | 56 | 1~5 | 96 | 0~1 | 16 | 0~1 | 4 | 4~5 | 13 | ||||
0~1 | 1 | 3~4 | 37 | ||||||||||
2~3 | 33 | ||||||||||||
1~2 | 50 | ||||||||||||
0~1 | 102 | ||||||||||||
inactive | 40 | inactive | 25 | inactive | 16 | inactive | 2 | inactive | 75 |
Sei Sun Hong, Jin Young Lee
Econ. Environ. Geol. 2021; 54(5): 581-594Chul-Seoung Baek, Byoung-Woon You, Kun-Ki Kim, Yu-Jeong Jang, Jin-Young Lee
Econ. Environ. Geol. 2024; 57(2): 219-231Young-Wook Cheong, Jin-Young Lee, Sei-Sun Hong
Econ. Environ. Geol. 2024; 57(2): 177-184