Econ. Environ. Geol. 2009; 42(2): 121-131

Published online April 30, 2009

© THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

Comparative Study on Distribution of Heavy Metals of the Surface Sediments in East/West Oceanic Dumping Areas

Pil-Geun Kim1, Maeng-Eon Park2, Kyu-Youl Sung3*, Sung Taek Lim2 and Sul-Mi Oh2

1Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
2Department of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737,Korea
3Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea

Correspondence to :

Kyu-Youl Sung

geochemsky@hhu.ac.kr

Received: April 6, 2009; Accepted: April 21, 2009

Abstract

The distribution characteristics of heavy metals for surface sediments in east oceanic dumping area (EDA) and west oceanic dumping area (WDA) are evaluated by grain sizes, minerals, sedimentation rates and compositions of heavy metals. The mean grain sizes in EDA and WDA range from 7.95Φ to 8.51Φ and 7.42Φ to 8.15Φ, respectively. These are mostly belonging to the M (mud) type. Minerals in the surface sediments consist of illite with chlorite, smectite, and kaolinite. Sedimentation rates estimated by 210Pb method in EDA and WDA are 1.11 mm/yr~1.73 mm/yr and 1.87 mm/yr, respectively. According to the interrelationship, concentrations of Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn are closely associated with mean grain size, Al, and Fe, whereas concentrations of Cd and Pb are poorly associated with ones. The enrichment factors of these elements are higher than 1.5, suggesting that the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the surface sediments are affected by anthropogenic sources. The Igeo-class numbers of Cd and Pb in the surface sediments are mostly classified in 2 to 4, showing moderate to strongly polluted. These numbers in EDA are higher than that of WDA, and the highest number is 4, indicative of the strongly polluted class. Our results show that the disposed wastes at EDA include mineralogical wastes, dredged materials from sewage disposals, and sludges from constructions having materials of WDA. The annual amount of oceanic dumping in EDA is double than that in WDA.

Keywords oceanic dumping, heavy metals, sediments, enrichment factors, Igeo

Article

Econ. Environ. Geol. 2009; 42(2): 121-131

Published online April 30, 2009

Copyright © THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY.

Comparative Study on Distribution of Heavy Metals of the Surface Sediments in East/West Oceanic Dumping Areas

Pil-Geun Kim1, Maeng-Eon Park2, Kyu-Youl Sung3*, Sung Taek Lim2 and Sul-Mi Oh2

1Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
2Department of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737,Korea
3Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea

Correspondence to:

Kyu-Youl Sung

geochemsky@hhu.ac.kr

Received: April 6, 2009; Accepted: April 21, 2009

Abstract

The distribution characteristics of heavy metals for surface sediments in east oceanic dumping area (EDA) and west oceanic dumping area (WDA) are evaluated by grain sizes, minerals, sedimentation rates and compositions of heavy metals. The mean grain sizes in EDA and WDA range from 7.95Φ to 8.51Φ and 7.42Φ to 8.15Φ, respectively. These are mostly belonging to the M (mud) type. Minerals in the surface sediments consist of illite with chlorite, smectite, and kaolinite. Sedimentation rates estimated by 210Pb method in EDA and WDA are 1.11 mm/yr~1.73 mm/yr and 1.87 mm/yr, respectively. According to the interrelationship, concentrations of Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn are closely associated with mean grain size, Al, and Fe, whereas concentrations of Cd and Pb are poorly associated with ones. The enrichment factors of these elements are higher than 1.5, suggesting that the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the surface sediments are affected by anthropogenic sources. The Igeo-class numbers of Cd and Pb in the surface sediments are mostly classified in 2 to 4, showing moderate to strongly polluted. These numbers in EDA are higher than that of WDA, and the highest number is 4, indicative of the strongly polluted class. Our results show that the disposed wastes at EDA include mineralogical wastes, dredged materials from sewage disposals, and sludges from constructions having materials of WDA. The annual amount of oceanic dumping in EDA is double than that in WDA.

Keywords oceanic dumping, heavy metals, sediments, enrichment factors, Igeo

    KSEEG
    Oct 29, 2024 Vol.57 No.5, pp. 473~664

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