Abstract

Although pegmatite rare metal deposits are significant sources of rare metals, their metallogenic mechanisms remain a topic of debate. Nigeria's Basement Complex and Younger Granite provinces have identified pegmatites, which comprise a variety of rock types. We classify pegmatites into two categories: quartz-muscovite pegmatite and quartz-feldspar pegmatite. The study area has three primary stress orientations: N-S, NE-SW, and NNE-SSW, with secondary trends of ENE-WSW and E-W. There are more high-ferromagnetic elements (HFS) in quartz-muscovite pegmatites than there are in the crust as a whole. These elements include Zr, Ga, Nb, and Ta. They have a high concentration of the lithophile element Rb but are deficient in Sr and Ba. Quartz-feldspar pegmatite doesn't have many high-field-strength (HFS) elements, but it has a lot of rubidium (Rb), though not as much as quartz-muscovite pegmatites. The pegmatites and albitized granite were subjected to sodic metasomatism, which changed the feldspars from K to Na and made them contain more uranium. The albitized rock types contain low total rare earth elements (REE), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), while the amount of rubidium (Rb) decreases with increasing albitization. It's not clear how the columbite-tantalite series or the Ta and Cs minerals formed, but the high Sn concentration in pegmatites is linked to the formation of cassiterite minerals. Rare metal pegmatite is formed when deeply buried S-type fertile granite is partially melted. On the other hand, barren quartz-feldspar pegmatite is formed from late-stage residual melts from a less evolved granitic parent.

Keywords pegmatite, hydrothermal, metasomatism, petrogenesis, Kwarra, Nigeria