Fig. 2 Correlation chart of multivariate soil data. The histogram of each variable is shown on the diagonal with primary variables (As and Pb determined using ICP-AES) in blue and auxiliary variables (Cu, Ni, and Zn using ICP-AES and all PXRF data) in green. The values on the upper right of the diagonal indicate the correlation coefficients. The stars indicate the significance levels (*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05). On the bottom left of the diagonal, the bivariate scatter plots are displayed with a fitted red line. Values on the boundaries indicate the concentrations on a log scale.

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